|
Our
Approach To Waste to Energy Project
Step 1: Project Feasibility Study
Step 2: Decide on Technology Options
Step 3: Formulate Viable Financial Model
Step 4: Implementation of Clean
Technology
Why You Should
Consider
Waste to Energy
Program
 Each
year, Americans generate millions of tons of waste in our
homes and communities. The amount of waste generated differs
greatly from area to area ranging from 1.8 kg to 3.5kg per
person each day. EPA is challenging all citizens to conserve
our natural resources by committing to reduce, reuse, and
recycle at home, in your community, and at the office.
Waste
management has always been a policy priority in our
community service standard.
Policy emphasis on environmental protection,
and improvement to quality of life demands new policy tools
including Carbon Lifecycle Analysis (CLA), Environmental
Assessment Impact study and Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA).
On
top of that,
utilization of cleaner technologies, and upgrading of
unsanitary landfills as well as the construction of new
sanitary landfills and transfer stations with integrated
material recovery facilities are now common theme in every
part of the country.
Priority will continue to be accorded to the
reduction, reuse, recovery and recycling of waste as well as
greater use of environment-friendly materials such as
bio-plastics.
Sources of
Solid Waste:-
· Municipal
Waste
· Industrial
Waste
· Agricultural
Waste
 Solid
waste can be hazardous and infectious in form. Therefore,
due care must be made during feasibility stage to ensure
sufficient treatment capacity is provided to prevent
undesirable outcome.
The
increasing use of chemical and hazardous substances in
agricultural activities in particular, is generating a new
generation of hazardous waste. Clean organic farming
practices were increasingly introduced to reduce the use of
chemicals, and hazardous substances.
Apart from
agricultural and industrial hazardous toxic waste, municipal
waste also contains certain percentage of clinical waste
which must be disposed off using specialized incinerator.
In term of
waste volume and waste characteristic, a person in a mixed
development community generates about 0.8 to 1.0 kg of waste
per person per day. In advanced or urban community, the
waste generation ratio is higher and tends to be dryer with
high percentage of material waste.
In term of
municipal waste composition, we will find a typical
combination dominated by organic material such as food,
agro-waste, and wood. Inorganic material such as paper,
plastic and metal usually form less than 20% in total.
Municipal
waste is further refined into in term of combustion value in
the energy conversion equation.
Landfill
System
The most
popular waste disposal system applied all over the world is
landfill system. While environmental rules insist on
sanitary landfill, many are not designed, and built with
sanitary features thereby causing air and water pollution to
surrounding area. The popularity of landfill system stems
from its simplicity and cost effectiveness.
Advantages
1. Low
initial investment cost;
2. Expandable
where land area can be added to meet increased waste
disposal need;
3. Able
to disposal all type of solid waste;
4. Land
utility upon full utilization.
Disadvantages
1. Well
designed sanitary landfill must be made from the beginning
2. Community
protest
What Is Waste to Energy?
Waste-to-energy technology involves converting various
elements of solid waste such as food, paper, plastics, and
woods to generate energy by either thermo-chemical or
bio-chemical processes.
The
thermo-chemical techniques consist of combustion,
gasification, and pyrolysis that produce high heat in fast
reaction times. The bio-chemical processes consist of
anaerobic digestion, hydrolysis, and fermentation using
enzymes that produce low heat in slow reaction times.
Environmental Considerations
Although
reducing the volume of trash needing to go to the landfill
appears to have many positive environmental benefits,
thorough environmental analyses and planning must be
accomplished before considering construction of a
waste-to-energy plant.
Environmental Assessment
The
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires
preparation of an environmental assessment (EA) or
environmental impact statement (EIS) as a part of the
planning process before construction of a waste-to-energy
plant. Energy managers should consult with the environmental
coordinator to learn how to prepare an EA or EIS. Additional
requirements including CLA and SEA may requires professional
helps.
Our Team of Environmental
Engineers has extensive experience with UNEP in dealing with
multitude of environmental issues including oil spill, waste
water, fresh water transfer project, greenhouse gases
emission matters and many others. We have the experience and
knowhow to delivery concise and pointed ideas that meet
international expectation including procuring carbon credit
under the CDM protocol.
Once the environmental issues
are dealt with properly, we next look into technological
option. Key in technology selection phase is to blend
social-environmental factors with financial viability. When
dealing with municipal waste, intelligent packaging of a
viable financial model is often critical to fund such
project.
The Way We Use Technology
to Convert Waste to Wealth
Before
considering any application of the waste-to-energy
technologies, a comprehensive solid waste management
strategy must be developed. The most common application of
waste to-energy technology is combustion: the burning of
municipal solid waste to produce steam for heating or to
generate electricity.
There are
several types of combustion technology. The options are:
Mass burn. A mass burn waste combustor has a single
combustion chamber with an on-site energy recovery
mechanism. Incinerator alone is not classified as a
waste-to-energy technology, unless it is attached with an
additional heat recovery unit.
The diagram
illustrates the technical capacity of the Company to recover
much of the potential energy output using a wide variety of
technology options to produce the end results so desired by
specific project stakeholders.
We Offer A Wide Range of Technological Options
The primary
technological options are bio-chemical conversion or thermal
conversion. Thermal conversion involves combustion method to
capture heat energy by generating steam that can be used for
space heating. It can also provides processed-heat for
industrial operations or electricity generation.
Clean Technology Application Is Not An
Option
To promote the greater use of environmentally
sound technologies, the Company will constantly seeks to
encourage clients to adopt self-regulatory measures and
apply the Life Cycle Approach (LCA) in their energy recovery
processes and product development.
|
